A 5-Year Review of Incidence, Presentation and Management of Bartholin Gland Cysts and Abscesses in a Tertiary Hospital, Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria
Asian Research Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,
Page 10-16
Abstract
Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses are common in women of reproductive age and declines after menopause. Organisms implicated in Bartholin abscess include, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacterioides spp.
Objective: To determine the incidence, presentation and management of Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria, over a five-year period.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study that was conducted between 1st January, 2016 and 31st December, 2020. Relevant data were retrieved, entered into a pre-designed proforma, and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables.
Results: There were 2,478 gynaecological cases managed in our Centre; out of which there were 26 cases of Bartholin cyst and abscess, giving an incidence of 1.05%. Most of the women were ≤ 30 years (14, 53.8%), single (17, 65.4%), nulliparous (13, 50.0%), traders (11, 42.3%), with only primary/secondary education (18, 69.2%). The left Bartholin gland was the most frequently affected (17, 65.4%). A positive microbial culture was obtained in 84% of cases, with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli being the isolated organisms. Marsupialisation was the treatment modality in all the patients.
Conclusion: Women of reproductive age-group should be counselled on this condition and encouraged to keep good perineal hygiene and better sexual conduct so as to reduce the risk of Bartholin cysts and abscesses.
Keywords:
- Bartholin gland
- cyst
- abscess
- reproductive age
- marsupialisation
How to Cite
References
Danso KA, Mumuni K, Boafor T. Bartholin’s gland cyst and abscess. In: Kwawukume EY, Ekele BA, Danso KA, Emuveyan EE, editors. Comprehensive Gynaecology in the tropics. 2nd ed. Accra, Ghana: G-Pak limited. 2017;157–159.
Lee MY, Dalpiaz A, Schwamb R, Miao Y, Waltzer W, Khan A. Clinical Pathology of Bartholin’s Glands: A Review of the Literature. Curr Urol. 2015;8(1):22–25.
Chow C. Benign conditions: Cervix, Vagina and Vulva. In: Setchell ME, Shepherd JH, Hudson CN, Setchell TE, editors. Shaw’s Textbook of Operative Gynaecology. 7th ed. India: Reed Elsevier India Private Limited. 2013;81–102.
Yuk JS, Kim YJ, Hur JY, Shin JH. Incidence of Bartholin duct cysts and abscesses in the Republic of Korea. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;122(1):62–64.
Kessous R, Aricha-Tamir B, Sheizaf B, Steiner N, Moran-Gilad J, Weintraub AY. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Bartholin gland abscesses. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(4):794–799.
Quinn A. Bartholin gland diseases differential diagnoses. Medscape; 2021. Accessed 21 August, 2021. Available: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/777112-differential
Orisabinone IB, Oriji PC. Large clitoridal inclusion cyst following female genital mutilation/cutting - A case report. Gynecol Obstet Case Rep. 2020;6(1):6.
DOI: 1036648/2471-8165.6.1.87.
Oriji PC, Allagoa DO, Omietimi JE, Tekenah ES, Njoku C. Clitoral retention cyst following female genital mutilation/cutting: A case report. Yen Med J. 2020;2(1):183-185.
Marzano DA, Haefner HK. The Bartholin Gland cyst: past, present, and future. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2004;8(3):195–204.
Fambrini M, Penna C, Pieralli A, Fallani MG. CO2 Laser vaporization of the Bartholin’s gland cyst: A retrospective analysis of 200 cases. J Minim Invasive Gynaecol. 2008;15(3):327–331.
Kroese JA, van der Velde M, Morssink LP, Zafarmand MH, Geomini P, van Kesteren P, et al. Word catheter and marsupialisation in women with a cyst or abscess of the Bartholin gland (WoMan-trial): a randomised clinical trial. BJOG. 2017;124(2):243–249.
Owen JW, Koza J, Shiblee T, Robertazzi RR, Cabbad MF, Hsu CK. Placement of a Word catheter: a resident training model. Am J. Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;192(5): 1385–1387.
Omole F, Kelsey RC, Phillips K, Cunningham K. Bartholin Duct Cyst and Gland Abscess: Office Management. Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(12):760-766.
Berger MB, Betschart C, Khandwala N, DeLancey JO, Haefner HK. Incidental Bartholin gland cysts identified on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(4):798-802.
Radhakrishna V, Goel R, Parashar G, Santhanakrishnan R. Bartholin’s gland abscess in a prepubertal female: A case report. Ann Med Surg. 2017;24:1-2.
Bora SA, Condous G. Bartholin’s, vulval and perineal abscesses. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;23(5):661–666.
Yabuku A, Mani IU, Panti AA, Jamila GA, Sagir TD, Anas RF, et al. Prevalence, pattern of presentation and management of Bartholin’s Gland Cyst/Abscess at Usmanu Danfodio university teaching hospital, Sokoto: a ten-year review. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2020;5(20):6-7.
Dole DM, Nypaver C. Management of Bartholin duct cysts and gland abscesses. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2019; 64(3):337-343.
Burger MP, Salvatore CM, Bleeker MC. A Bartholin’s gland with nodules and cysts bathed in mucus. Case Rep Women’s Health. 2017;13:1-3.
Bhide A, Nama V, Patel S, Kalu E. Microbiology of cysts/abscesses of Bartholin’s gland: Review of empirical antibiotic therapy against microbial culture. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30(7):701-703.
Bleker OP, Smalbraak DJ, Schutte MF. Bartholin’s abscess: the role of Chlamydia trachomatis. Genitourin Med. 1990; 66(1):24–25.
Elkins JM, Hamid OS, Simon LV, Sheele JM. Association of Bartholin cysts and abscesses and sexually transmitted infections. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;44:323-327.
National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases. NAAT Testing for gonorrhoea and chlamydia: A review of diagnostic accuracy, costeffectiveness, and acceptability. Purple Paper. 2010;16:1-6. Accessed 29 August, 2021.
Available:https://nccid.ca/wp-content/ uploads/sites/2/2015/04/PP_16_EN.pdf
Oriji PC, Kiridi EK, Allagoa DO, Omietimi JE, Orisabinone IB, Makinde OI. The use of NAAT- PCR to determine asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections in infertile patients undergoing hysterosalpingogram at the federal medical centre, Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2020;9(4):1507-1514.
DOI:1018203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201214
Anozie OB, Esike CU, Anozie RO, Mamah E, Eze JN, Onoh RC. Incidence, presentation and management of Bartholin’s gland cysts/abscesses: A four-year review in Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, South-East Nigeria. Open J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;6(5):299-305.
-
Abstract View: 30 times
PDF Download: 11 times
