The Future Effects of Multiple Caesarean Section on Women in Ghana

Benjamin Arhin *

Livingstone International University for Tourism Excellence and Business Management (LIUTEBM), Lusaka, Zambia.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), when vaginal births pose risks, emergency Caesarean section (CS) is a lifesaver and should be readily accessible in all healthcare settings.

However, there are still parts of the world where citizens do not have automatic access to a secure CS. A new study from the WHO indicates that caesarean sections are on the rise worldwide, accounting for more than one in five (21%) births. Immediate complications may include infection, haemorrhage, visceral injury, placenta accrete, and maternal abruption.  The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of multiple caesarean sections on Ghanaian mothers.

This study utilized previously gathered data regarding respiratory tract disorders in children under the age of five. This included previously published papers, dissertations, and internet resources such as websites and books. The systematic procedure describes this technique.

Multiple CSs are accompanied by complications. This includes harm to the bowels and bladder, in addition to significant bleeding. Other complications include uterine perforation, infection, haemorrhage, thrombosis, and organ damage.

This study suggests increasing public awareness of CS symptoms via mass media (radio, television, and social media) in order to garner family and community support for women experiencing CS.

Keywords: Caesarean section, women, Ghana


How to Cite

Arhin, B. (2023). The Future Effects of Multiple Caesarean Section on Women in Ghana. Asian Research Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 6(1), 77–85. Retrieved from https://journalarjgo.com/index.php/ARJGO/article/view/172


References

World Health ORganisation, "WHO," 16 June 2021. [Online].

Available:https://www.who.int/news/item/16-06-2021-caesarean-section-rates-continue-to-rise-amid-growing-inequalities-in-access.

WHO, "WHO," 2018. [Online].

Available:http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/275387/WHO-RHR-18.24-eng.pdf?ua=1.

Manyeh AK, Amu A, Akpakli DE, Williams J, Gyapong M. Socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with cesarean section delivery in Southern Ghana: evidence from INDEPTH Network member site. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):405.

Ugwu NU, de Kok B. Sociocultural factors, gender roles and religious ideologies contributing to Caesarian-section refusal in Nigeria. Reprod Health. 2015;12:70.

Boz İ, Teskereci G, Akman G. How did you choose a mode of birth? Experiences of nulliparous women from Turkey. Women Birth. 2016;29(4):359-67.

Betrán AP, Ye J, Moller AB, Zhang J, Gülmezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The increasing trend in Caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990-2014. PLOS ONE. 2016;11(2):e0148343.

Amjad A, Amjad U, Zakar R, Usman A, Zakar MZ, Fischer F. Factors associated with caesarean deliveries among child-bearing women in Pakistan: secondary analysis of data from the demographic and health survey, 2012-13. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):113.

Harrison MS, Goldenberg RL. Cesarean section in sub-Saharan Africa. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2016;2:6.

Tunçalp O, Stanton C, Castro A, Adanu R, Heymann M, Adu-Bonsaffoh K et al. Measuring coverage in MNCH: validating women’s self-report of emergency cesarean sections in Ghana and the Dominican Republic. PLOS ONE. 2013;8(5):e60761.

Al Rifai RH. The trend of caesarean deliveries in Egypt and its associated factors: evidence from national surveys, 2005-2014. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):417.

Manyeh AK, Amu A, Akpakli DE, Williams J, Gyapong M. Socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with caesarean section delivery in Southern Ghana: evidence from INDEPTH network member site. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):405.

World Health Organization, "World health statistics.," 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS10_Full.pdf.

Boerma T, Ronsmans C, Melesse DY, Barros AJD, Barros FC, Juan L et al. Global epidemiology of use of and disparities in caesarean sections. Lancet. 2018;392(10155):1341-8.

Bishop D, Dyer RA, Maswime S, Rodseth RN, van Dyk D, Kluyts HL et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after caesarean delivery in the African Surgical Outcomes Study a 7-day prospective observational cohort study. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(4):e513-22.

Yaya S, Uthman OA, Amouzou A, Bishwajit G. Disparities in caesarean section prevalence and determinants across sub-Saharan Africa countries. Glob Health Res Policy. 2018;3:19.

Dikete M, Coppieters Y, Trigaux P, Fils J, Englert Y. Variation of caesarean section rates in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review. J Gynecol Res Obstet. 2019; 5(2):42-7.

Belizán JM, Minckas N, McClure EM, Saleem S, Moore JL, Goudar SS et al. An approach to identify a minimum and rational proportion of caesarean sections in resource-poor settings: a global network study. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(8):e894-901.

Walana W, Acquah S, Ziem J, Vicar E. Preference of birth delivery modes among women attending antenatal and postnatal clinics in the tamale metropolis of Ghana. J Pregnancy Child Health; 2017.

Diema KK, Baku E, Japiong M, Dodam Konlan K, Amoah R. Reasons for women’s choice of elective caesarian section in Duayaw Nkwanta Hospital. J Pregnancy; 2019.

Keag OE, Norman JE, Stock SJ. Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Med. 2018;15(1):e1002494.

Bowman ZS, Smith KR, Silver RM. Cesarean delivery and risk for subsequent ectopic pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 2015;32(9):815-20.

Jackson S, Fleege L, Fridman M, Gregory K, Zelop C, Olsen J. Morbidity following primary cesarean delivery in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(2):139.e1-5.

Elnakib S, Abdel-Tawab N, Orbay D, Hassanein N. Medical and non-medical reasons for cesarean section delivery in Egypt: a hospital-based retrospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):411.

Oner C, Catak B, Sütlü S, Kilinç S. Effect of social factors on cesarean birth in Primiparous women: a cross sectional study (social factors and cesarean birth). Iran J Public Health. 2016;45(6): 768-73.

Weckesser A, Farmer N, Dam R, Wilson A, Morton VH, Morris RK. Women’s perspectives on caesarean section recovery, infection and the PREPS trial: a qualitative pilot study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):245.

Akhtarul I, Nusrat JS, Tanvir H, Abdul J, Andre MNR, Mohammed SI. Caesarean delivery and its association with educational attainment, wealth index, and place of residence in Sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2012.

Okyere J, Duah HO, Seidu AA, Ahinkorah BO, Budu E. Inequalities in prevalence of birth by caesarean section in Ghana from 1998-2014. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):64.

Sharon S, Heba M. Cesarean section. National Library of Medicine; 2022.

Biler A, Ekin A, Ozcan A, Inan AH, Vural T, Toz E. Is it safe to have multiple repeat cesarean sections? A high volume tertiary care center experience. Pak J Med Sci. 2017;33(5):1074-9.

Alshehri KA, Ammar AA, Aldhubabian MA, Al-Zanbaqi MS, Felimban AA, Alshuaibi MK et al. Outcomes and complications after repeat Cesarean sections among King Abdulaziz University Hospital patients. Mater Sociomed. 2019;31(2):119-24.

H. U. o. Utah, "MULTIPLE C-SECTIONS," 2023. [Online].

Available:https://healthcare.utah.edu/womenshealth/pregnancy-birth/multiple-c-sections.